In Brief Balinese Script and Java Script

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Balinese
Type	Abugida
Spoken languages	Balinese
Time period	c. 1000–present
Parent systems	Proto-Canaanite alphabet → Phoenician alphabet → Aramaic alphabet → Brāhmī → Pallava → Old Kawi → Balinese
Sister systems	Batak Baybayin Buhid Hanunó'o Javanese Lontara Old Sundanese Rejang Tagbanwa
Unicode range	U+1B00–U+1B7F
ISO 15924	Bali
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The Balinese script is an abugida that was used to write the Balinese language, an Austronesian language spoken by about three million people on the Indonesian island of Bali. The use of the Balinese alphabet has mostly been replaced by the Roman alphabet, and very few people are familiar with it. It is mostly used for religious writings.

The Balinese script was probably derived from Pallava and Old Kawi alphabets, which ultimately were derived from the Brahmi alphabet, the root of almost all the Indic and Southeast Asian abugidas.

Like most abugidas, each letter has an inherent vowel of /a/. Other vowels are indicated by using diacritics, which can appear above, below, to the left, or to the right of the consonant.

Brāhmī The Brahmic script and its descendants Northern Brahmic Kusan Gupta Śāradā Landa Old Kashmiri Gurmukhī Takri Dogri Chameali Siddhaṃ Nāgarī Devanāgarī Nandināgarī Gujarati Proto-Bengali Eastern Nagari Bengali Assamese Mithilakshar Oriya Nepal Bhujimol Ranjana Tibetan ’Phagspa Southern Brahmic Tamil Brahmi Vatteluttu Tamil Pallava Grantha Malayalam Tulu Khmer Thai Lao Old Kawi Balinese Javanese Mon Burmese Kalinga Kadamba Old Kannada Kannada Telugu Sinhala This box: view • talk • edit

[edit] Balinese in Unicode

The Unicode range for Balinese is U+1B00 ... U+1B7F. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points.

Balinese Unicode.org chart (PDF)

[edit] External links

• Entry on Balinese at Omniglot.com -- A guide to writing systems
• Computerization of Balinese Script
• Michael Everson, Coding of Balinese Script to Unicode

v • d • e

Bali in Brief

Bali is part of the Republic of Indonesia. It is one of the country's 33 provinces with the provincial capital in Denpasar towards the south of the island. Bali is home to a population of over 3 million, the vast majority of which are Indonesia's small Hindu minority. Bali is also the largest tourist destination in the country and is renowned for its highly developed arts, including dance, sculpture, painting, leather, metalworking and music.

Bali lies between Java in the West and Lombok in the East. The island is 153 km long and 112 km wide (95 by 69 miles) with a surface area of 5,633 km². It is famous for its beautiful landscape. A chain of six volcanoes, between 1,350 meters and 3,014 meters high, stretches from west to east. There are lush tropical forests, pristine crater lakes, fast flowing rivers and deep ravines and picturesque rice terraces and fertile vegetable and fruit gardens cover its alluvial plains.

The island is surrounded by coral reefs. The beaches in the south tend to have white sand while those in the north and west have black and grey volcanic sand. Bali has two active volcanoes. Mount Agung, Bali’s highest peak, rises to an impressive height of 3,142 m (10,308 feet). It last erupted in March 1963. An eruption around 30,000 years ago, from Mount Batur, Bali’s second active volcano was recoded as of one of the largest known volcanic events on Earth. The mountainous region covers Bali from its centre to the eastern side of the island. It is due to this terrain that the roads tend to follow the crests of the ridges across the mountains and the coast.

Javanese Alphabet-Aksara Jawa

Javanese alphabet

The earliest known writing in Javanese dates from the 4th Century AD, at which time Javanese was written with the Pallava alphabet. By the 10th Century, the Kawi alphabet, which developed from Pallava, had a distinct Javanese form.

By the 17th Century, the Javanese alphabet, also known as tjarakan or carakan, had developed into its current form. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia between 1942 and 1945, the alphabet was prohibited.

For a period from the 15th Century onwards, Javanese was also written with a version of the Arabic alphabet, called pégon or gundil.

Since the Dutch introduced the Latin alphabet to Indonesia in the 19th Century, the Javanese alphabet has gradually been supplanted. Today it is used almost exclusively by scholars and for decoration. Those who can read and write it are held in high esteem.

Notable features

• Javanese is a syllabic alphabet - each letter has an inherent vowel /a/. Other vowels can be indicated using a variety of diacritics which appear above, below, in front of or after the main letter.
• Each consonants has two forms: the aksara form is used at the beginning of a syllable, while the pasangan form, which usually appears below the aksara form, is used for the second consonant of a consonant cluster and mutes the vowel of the aksara.
• There are a number of special letters called aksara murda or aksara gedhe (great or important letters) which are used for honorific purposes, such as to write the names of respected people.
• The order of the consonants makes the following saying, "Hana caraka, data sawala padha jayanya, maga bathanga" which means "There were (two) emissaries, they began to fight, their valor was equal, they both fell dead"

Used to write:

Javanese (basa Jawa), an austronesian language spoken by about 75 million people in Indonesia and Suriname.

The Javanese alphabet was also used to write Balinese and Sundanese, but has been replaced by the Latin alphabet

The Javanese alphabet

:::: Aksara consonants:











Pasangan consonants

Aksara murda consonants






vowel diacritics and final consonant diacritics

Punctuation

Numerals

Sample text in the Javanese alphabet (Lord's Prayer)

Transliteration:

Rama kahula hika wonten 'i swarga. wasta sampeyan dadossa subši. sadžaman sampeyan rawu?ha. kars sampeyan dadossa 'i bumi kados 'i swarga. redžekki kahula ka saintendinten sukanni dinten puniki mari kahula. hambi puntan mari kahula dosa kahula, kados kahula puntan mari satungiltugil titiyu ka sala? mari kahula. hambi sampun bekta kahula 'i pertšoban. tapi tšutšullken kahula bari pada sa ?awon, sabab sadžaman hambi kawasa sarta kamukten gusti kagu ?annipun dumugi 'i ?awet. Amin

Sample text in Javanese

Saben uwong kalairake kanthi mardika lan darbe martabat lan hak-hak kang padha. Kabeh pinaringan akal lan kalbu sarta kaajab pasrawungan anggone memitran siji lan sijine kanthi jiwo sumadulur.

Translation

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

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